Chandigarh, August 25: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults, is receiving increased attention worldwide as health experts stress the need for early diagnosis, awareness, and comprehensive treatment.
According to the World Health Organization, ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, often continuing into adulthood. It is marked by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that interfere with academic, occupational, and social functioning. Experts say that while it is not a new condition, understanding and acceptance of ADHD have evolved significantly over the last two decades.
“ADHD is not about being lazy or careless. It is a neurological condition that impacts brain function,” noted Dr. Ritu Sharma, a clinical psychologist based in Delhi. She added that awareness campaigns and open conversations are helping reduce the stigma long associated with the disorder.
Recent studies estimate that ADHD affects about 5 to 7 percent of children globally. In India, awareness has been relatively low, but pediatricians and psychiatrists say diagnoses are steadily increasing as parents and teachers become more informed about behavioral red flags. Symptoms often include difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, restlessness, and trouble following instructions.
“Children with ADHD may struggle in school because their challenges are often misunderstood as discipline problems,” explained pediatrician Dr. Nitin Gupta.
“Timely intervention makes a significant difference in their academic performance and overall development.”
However, experts caution against over-diagnosis. They emphasize that ADHD should be diagnosed only after thorough clinical evaluation, since several other conditions — such as anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, or environmental stress — can present with similar symptoms.
Treatment approaches vary depending on the individual’s age and severity of symptoms. They typically include behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Cognitive-behavioral interventions, structured routines, and school-based support systems are widely recommended for children.
For adults, workplace accommodations and therapy focusing on time management and organizational skills are found to be effective. Medications, such as stimulants, are considered safe under medical supervision, though misconceptions around their use remain strong.
“Families often hesitate to use medication because of fears about side effects,” Dr. Sharma pointed out. “But when prescribed responsibly, they can dramatically improve quality of life.”
While awareness is growing, experts believe there is still a long way to go in terms of policy support and integration of ADHD management into mainstream healthcare systems. In India, mental health professionals also note a shortage of trained specialists, particularly in rural areas.
Advocacy groups and parents’ networks are now playing a crucial role in bridging the information gap. Social media has also emerged as a platform where individuals with ADHD share personal experiences, further normalizing conversations around the condition.
“Understanding ADHD is about compassion and creating supportive environments,” said Dr. Gupta. “When identified early, children and adults with ADHD can thrive, excel, and lead fulfilling lives.”
With mental health concerns gaining attention in public discourse, ADHD is slowly moving out of the shadows, giving hope to families and individuals who had long struggled in silence.
